Die Tracheotomie

In dem letzten Jahrhundert hat sich die Tracheotomie von einem riskanten Eingriff zu einem Standardverfahren entwickelt, was in Situationen mit kompromittierten Atemwegen von hohem Wert sein kann. Zwei Hauptmethoden werden unterschieden: die bronchoskopisch unterstützte perkutane Dilatationstracheotomie und die offene chirurgische Tracheotomie. Beide Verfahren haben eigene Indikationen, Vorteile und Risiken.

Abstract

In the recent years tracheostomy has become a standard procedure in which the trachea is opened and a safe airway created by bypassing the upper airway. Depending on the underlying indication and patient-specific factors, the less invasive percutaneous dilatation tracheostomy or the surgical tracheostomy is performed. It has far-reaching consequences for the patients concerned, which is why the decision on the necessity and timing of the respective procedure should be made individually and in interdisciplinary consultation with the specialist departments involved in the treatment. Medical staff should have in-depth knowledge of, for example, the effects on gas exchange and swallowing and speech function and be trained in dealing with the patients concerned to avoid serious complications.

Schlüsselwörter

Tracheotomie - perkutane Dilationstracheotomie - chirurgische Tracheotomie - Koniotomie

Keywords

tracheostomy - percutaneous dilation tracheostomy - surgical tracheostomy - coniotomy

Publication History

Article published online:
14 July 2025

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